android.os.FileUriExposedException: file.jpg exposed beyond app through ClipData.Item.getUri()

Besides the solution using the FileProvider, there is another way to work around this. Simply put

 StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder builder = new StrictMode.VmPolicy.Builder();
 StrictMode.setVmPolicy(builder.build());

in Application.onCreate() method. In this way the VM ignores the file URI exposure.